Syllabus

GS 2: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests

Context: Recently, France and Poland signed a treaty with a defence clause committing both countries to mutual support in case of an attack by an aggressor. 

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• As the treaty is signed in the eastern French city of Nancy by French President and the Prime Minister of Poland, it is also known as, Treaty of Nancy’.
• This is the first treaty France has signed with a Central European nation, following similar pacts with Italy, Spain and Germany
• Both countries strengthened their ties following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
• The treaty would increase cooperation on defence, nuclear energy and other measures, in a sign of growing alliances between European nations amid concerns about U.S. commitment to Europe's security.
• The signing coincided with the 80th anniversary of the end of World War II in Europe and a major Russian military parade, underscoring the current geopolitical tensions and the importance of strengthened European defense cooperation. 
• This aid and assistance will be implemented within the framework of Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty and Article 42 of the European Union (EU) Treaty.
• French President Emmanuel Macron stated that
  The treaty is in addition to, not a replacement for, existing security frameworks of NATO and the European Union.
  Treaty does not substitute for NATO or EU
  He added that the treaty "reinforces what already exists today."

Nuclear Cooperation and Security Umbrella

• The prime minister of Poland indicated that the treaty could pave the way for talks on extending France’s nuclear umbrella to Poland.
• However, the treaty does not explicitly mention access to France’s nuclear deterrent.
• In March, French President expressed openness to extending France's nuclear capabilities to other European nations—partly due to uncertainties around U.S. security guarantees under President Trump.

Poland’s Strategic Importance

• The treaty reflects Poland’s growing influence in European geopolitics:
  Located on the eastern flank of the continent.
  Spends 4.12% of its GDP on defence—the highest in NATO.
• The Prime Minister of Poland’s centrist, pro-European government aims to broaden the country’s security partnerships beyond its traditional dependence on the United States.